After Abernathy introduced me to some of her neighbors, we headed back toward her apartment, walking along Palou Avenue, where a thick-necked pit bull locked in a battered van lunged at us, snarling. Abernathy turned to her right, gazing at a head-high chain-link fence stretched between two apartment blocs; a sizable opening had been cut in the fence. It didn't look noteworthy to me. Most of the fences in Oakdale are in some stage of disrepair, as are most of the porches and outdoor stairways.
But Abernathy wanted me to understand the significance of this particular spot. "Niggas made their own hole in there, 'cause they'll come out and shoot and then run back," she explained.
I asked her how often she heard gunshots. About 300 days a year, she replied. Her friend Lashawnda Collins, whose apartment is pierced by bullet holes, thought the number was closer to 360. Everyone, though, could agree about the cops. They came every day.
As if on cue, when we returned to Abernathy's apartment, the San Francisco Police Department was raiding the place two doors down. About 10 cops, all sporting flak jackets, none wearing uniforms, had converged on the unit. Some, clad in camo, hung on the back porch smoking and talking on cell phones while others swept the house.
None of the locals paid much attention to the cops. Eventually they led a lean Samoan teenager – a boy, really – out of the house in handcuffs. Officer Len Broberg, head of the gang task force, a muscular guy with a radio bud in his ear, jawed with the kid. I couldn't hear the conversation.
II.
The Housing Authority, on its Web site, says its central mission is to "provide safe, sanitary, affordable, and decent housing" to the poor, the disabled, the aged. Clearly, in places like Oakdale, the agency is failing to fulfill that mission – and part of the blame likely likes lies 3,000 miles away, in Washington, DC.
Operating on a budget of about $204 million annually, the Housing Authority gets most of its money from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development. For years now HUD has been cutting back the amount of money it kicks down to local housing authorities. In fiscal year 2004, for example, that meant a decrease of $2 million bucks for San Francisco.
These days the Housing Authority is headed by Gregg Fortner, a funny, personable character who took over in 2001 after his predecessor was indicted for embezzlement. Fortner and company spend about $20 million each year maintaining about 6,400 units, according to a recent audit.
Perhaps that's simply not enough money. Or perhaps that money isn't being well spent.
The audit indicates the agency suffers from "material weaknesses" in its bookkeeping – auditor-speak meaning the Housing Authority is flouting standard accounting practices and could be making itself vulnerable to fraud or theft – and is failing to follow federal rules. Because of slackness at the Housing Authority, some money is apparently being misspent: Auditors, who just looked at a small chunk of the agency's payroll, found security guards were paid for 188 hours they may not have worked.
Whatever the case, the security guard matter is minor compared to the $3.8 million that got away. In the 1990s the Housing Authority embarked on an ambitious reconstruction program, hiring a number of private developers to rebuild a half-dozen decrepit housing projects. It made multimillion-dollar loans to these developers, which were supposed to be repaid with interest.
Now, the audit shows, the Housing Authority is writing off millions of dollars in interest on the loans as "uncollectable." In fiscal 2004 – the most recent year for which records are available – that amounted to $3,803,609, funds that could've gone to repairing Oakdale and other derelict properties.
In an interview, Housing Authority spokesperson Michael Roetzer declined to comment on the $3.8 million and said the accounting issues had been cleared up.
Asked about the maintenance at Oakdale, Roetzer told me, "If residents call us with an emergency, we get somebody out there immediately to fix it," adding that plumbers had recently mended the broken sewage pipe.
Routine maintenance calls, he said, "go into a queue.... We may not always respond as quickly as our residents would like us to, but we do respond."
The funding cuts at HUD, Roetzer continued, have left the Housing Authority stretched thin – the agency currently needs to make $200 million worth of capital improvements to its properties, and there are few federal dollars to do so. He noted that many of the Housing Authority's developments are even older than Oakdale, dating back to World War II. "We're trying to maintain buildings that are 60 years old. In fact, some of them are 65 years old; they're old enough to collect Social Security," Roetzer said. "Maintaining them in a time of shrinking resources is a challenge."
III.
Not far from Oakdale stands a counterpoint, the Bayview Commons apartment hive, on Third Street at LaSalle. Erected by a nonprofit company in 2002, Bayview Commons is a complex of low-income renters, 70 percent of them African American. Home to about 90 people, it's a beautiful, clean, well-designed, four-story building in the heart of a tough neighborhood. It's proof that housing for poor folks can be dignified.
On a recent morning I spoke to Dan Vojir, a resident, in the community room, where he leads a weekly story hour for the building's children. "We use this room for birthdays, christenings, baby showers," he said. "We're going to have a baptism celebration for one of the little girls here." On the wall were flyers announcing classes in dance and karate, and photos of kids from the building with former mayor Willie Brown, who'd helped secure financing for the development.
Vojir led me onto the building's sunny back patio, which is equipped with potted trees and a small jungle gym, where two Chinese toddlers played as their mom looked on. When he ran into a neighbor, Francesa Araya, his mood darkened and the talk turned grim. Though folks at Bayview Commons are blessed with gleaming, brand-new homes, they share some of the same complaints as people up the road in the Oakdale projects.
A few weeks earlier, on Aug. 14, somebody on Third Street had unloaded on the building, firing 10 to 12 rounds into four apartments, puncturing six walls and breaking three windows.
"Ever since I moved in here, they've been saying the neighborhood is getting better, but it seems like it's getting worse before it gets better," Araya said. "Somebody was talking about the terrorists the other day, and I said, 'I've got terrorists in my neighborhood.' "
For Vojir, the most galling aspect of the attack, which occurred at about 7:30 p.m., wasn't the bullets – it was the city's response, or, more accurately, nonresponse. After the lead flew, several Bayview Commons residents contacted the office of Mayor Gavin Newsom, only to get the brush-off, according to Vojir. The incident didn't make the daily papers or TV news.
A few weeks later, on Sept. 19, an afternoon gun battle half a block from Bayview Commons sent one man to the grave and three others to the hospital.
IV.
The little girl, probably 10, toting a pink backpack, was clad in a plaid school uniform. She wanted to know why I was standing behind Abernathy's home, scribbling in a notebook. I told her I was writing a story about life in Oakdale.
"Life in Oakdale?" she asked, pondering the question for just a second. "Life in Oakdale is bad." She trudged away, passing an abandoned apartment, its windows shattered, its doors flung open.